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Flexible resonant tank for a combined converter to achieve an HPS and LED compatible driver

Jin HU,Hui-pin LIN,Zheng-yu LU,Feng-wu ZHOU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第8期页码 679-693 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500054

摘要： High pressure sodium (HPS) lamp has been widely used in street lighting applications because of its maturity, reliability, high lighting efficiency, long life-time, and low cost. Light emitting diode (LED) is expected as the next generation lighting source due to its continuously improving luminous efficacy, better color characteristic, and super long life-time. The two lighting sources may coexist in street lighting applications for a long time. A novel HPS and LED compatible driver is proposed which is rather suitable and flexible for driving HPS and LED in street lighting applications. The proposed driver combines the LLC and LCC resonant circuits into a flexible resonant tank. The flexible resonant tank may change to LLC or isolated LCC circuit according to the lighting source. It inherits the traditional HPS and LED drivers’ zero voltage switching (ZVS) characteristics and dimmable function. The design of the proposed flexible resonant tank considers the requirements of both HPS and LED. The experiments of driving HPS and LED on a prototype driver show that the driver can drive the two lighting sources flexibly with high efficiency.

关键词： High pressure sodium (HPS) Light emitting diode (LED) Compatible driver Ballast

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Detection of critical road roughness sections by trend analysis and investigation of driver speed interaction

Meltem SAPLIOGLU; Ayse UNAL; Melek BOCEK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 515-532 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0814-4

摘要： Pavement roughness (IRI—International Roughness Index values) influence the stability of traffic movements both on intercity roads and urban roads. This study is to determine the exact locations of critical pavement roughness values that affect traffic motion stability and comfort in city centre highway arteries. Roughness data with 10 m intervals were collected on a 3140 m divided road containing three consecutive signalized intersections in the city centre arterial. These data were analysed using the distance-dependent Mann-Kendall trend analysis method and checkerboard model. The sections where roughness is important were determined at a 95% confidence interval. The results will show where future pavement improvements should be prioritized for municipalities and road maintenance engineers and will form a basis for the urban road management system.

关键词： trend analysis checkerboard model IRI driver speed

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Distributed governance of Solar Radiation Management geoengineering: A possible solution to SRM’s “free-driver

Andrew LOCKLEY

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 551-556 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0055-y

摘要： Geoengineering (deliberate climate modification) is a possible way to limit Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) (Shepherd, 2009; National Research Council, 2015). Solar Radiation Management geoengineering (SRM) offers relatively inexpensive, rapid temperature control. However, this low cost leads to a risk of controversial unilateral intervention—the “free-driver” problem (Weitzman, 2015). Consequently, this creates a risk of counter-geoengineering (deliberate warming) (Parker et al., 2018), resulting in governance challenges (Svoboda, 2017) akin to an arms race. Free-driver deployment scenarios previously considered include the rogue state, Greenfinger (Bodansky, 2013), or power blocs (Ricke et al., 2013), implying disagreement and conflict. We propose a novel distributed governance model of consensually-constrained unilateralism: Countries’ authority is limited to each state’s fraction of the maximum realistic intervention (e.g., pre-industrial temperature). We suggest a division of authority based on historical emissions (Rocha et al., 2015)—noting alternatives (e.g., population). To aid understanding, we offer an analogue: An over-heated train carriage, with passenger-controlled windows. We subsequently discuss the likely complexities, notably Coasian side-payments. Finally, we suggest further research: Algebraic, bot and human modeling; and observational studies.

关键词： geoengineering Solar Radiation Management governance decentralised

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Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with driver mutations: current applications and future

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 18-42 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0976-4

摘要： With the improved understanding of driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expanding the targeted therapeutic options improved the survival and safety. However, responses to these agents are commonly temporary and incomplete. Moreover, even patients with the same oncogenic driver gene can respond diversely to the same agent. Furthermore, the therapeutic role of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncogene-driven NSCLC remains unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to classify the management of NSCLC with driver mutations based on the gene subtype, concomitant mutation, and dynamic alternation. Then, we provide an overview of the resistant mechanism of target therapy occurring in targeted alternations (“target-dependent resistance”) and in the parallel and downstream pathways (“target-independent resistance”). Thirdly, we discuss the effectiveness of ICIs for NSCLC with driver mutations and the combined therapeutic approaches that might reverse the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, we listed the emerging treatment strategies for the new oncogenic alternations, and proposed the perspective of NSCLC with driver mutations. This review will guide clinicians to design tailored treatments for NSCLC with driver mutations.

关键词： non-small cell lung cancer driver mutations treatment strategy resistant mechanism immune-checkpoint inhibitors

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Approaching the upper boundary of driver-response relationships: identifying factors using a novel framework

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1676-2

摘要：

● A novel framework integrating quantile regression with machine learning is proposed.

关键词： Driver-response Upper boundary of relationship Interpretable machine learning Quantile regression Total phosphorus Chlorophyll a

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Fuel type preference of taxi driver and its implications for air emissions

Feng WANG,Beibei LIU,Bing ZHANG,Jun BI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 702-711 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0665-x

摘要： Natural gas became an available fuel for taxis in 2005 and had occupied a market share of 43.6% in taxi industry till 2010 in Nanjing, China. To investigate the energy replacement pattern as well as the pollutants reduction potential of the taxi industry, first, the fuel preference determinants of taxi drivers for their next taxis are analyzed. Results show that as an important alternative for the traditional gasoline, natural gas is widely accepted (75%) by taxi drivers. Different from the previous studies which focused on the early stage of cleaner fuel replacement, taxi drivers with various characteristics (such as age, working experience, and education level) are consistent with their fuel preference when they choose their next taxis. Result suggests that policies that concern consumers with specific characteristics may have little effects on the change of the market share, when the alternative fuel market has been developed well. In addition, the increased share of gas in the fuel market achieves a 7.2% reduction of energy consumption. Considering life cycle emissions, the following air pollutants, namely Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), carbonic oxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO ), particulate matters (PM) and hydrocarbons (C H ), gain 10.0%, 3.5%, 20.5%, 36.1%, and 26.4% of reduction respectively. Assuming all taxi fleets powered by natural gas with local policy intervention, the energy conservation and the five major air pollutant emissions could achieve the maximum reductions with 12.2%, 16.0%, 8.8%, 22.5%, 44.2%, and 49.4% correspondingly.

关键词： fuel preference energy replacement environmental impacts taxi

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Experimental Study on the Piezoelectric Prestage Driver of Electrohydraulic Servo Valves

CHENG Guang-ming, SHEN Chuan-liang, YANG Zhi-gang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第1期页码 56-59 doi: 10.1007/s11465-005-0017-4

摘要：

A piezoelectric actuated prestage driver of hydraulic servo valves for the low-frequency response of electrohydraulic servo valve electromagnetic prestage driver was presented. The new driver was driven by piezoelectric multilayer actuators. The displacement of a piezoelectric multilayer actuator was amplified by a flexure-hinged amplifier based on the principles of triangle amplification. Static and dynamic characteristics were tested on the model machine. The characteristics of good linearity, high resolution, and high-frequency response were approved. The natural frequency reached 1.201 kHz using finite element analysis, and the practice measurement result was 1 kHz.

关键词： flexure-hinged amplifier kHz amplification high-frequency electromagnetic

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嵌入式无线接入点网络驱动的设计与实现

王质礼,胡爱群,宋宇波

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第10期页码 91-94

摘要：

分析了嵌入式Linux系统下网络驱动的体系机构和工作原理，结合PCMCIA驱动接口，着重论述了嵌入式Linux无线接入点网络驱动的基本软件模型和实现流程, 给出了网络驱动的性能测试结果。

关键词：嵌入式Linux 网络设备驱动 PCMCIA

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可拓知识库系统及其应用

李立希,李嘉

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第3期页码 61-64

摘要：

知识库系统是一种专门存储、管理大量知识的机构。文章以可拓学的理论和方法为指导，提出可拓知识表示法和可拓知识库系统的特点与构架。给出了可拓知识表示的形式化语义，其基本单元是知识物元；阐述了矛盾问题求解的形式表示，其核心是问题的物元模型，通过可拓算子把不相容问题转化为相容问题；相关方式推理是可拓知识库系统推理机的特点，是传统规则推理的推广。可拓知识库采用可拓知识表示方法，是传统知识库的一个超集；可拓知识库系统由目标库、条件库、公用知识库、分类知识库、推理机与知识库管理系统组成。

关键词：可拓论不相容知识库

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基于可拓论的不相容问题求解研究

杨春燕

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第10期页码 36-39

摘要：

以单特征不相容问题及其解变换的研究为基础，探讨多特征不相容问题的结构、判断方法和求解方法，并以在市场营销中的应用为例说明其应用价值。这一研究将为矛盾问题的智能化处理提供新的工具。

关键词：不相容问题相容度函数解变换可拓集合

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不完备模糊信息系统

杨习贝,杨静宇,吴陈,傅凡

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第7期页码 47-53

摘要：

以不完备模糊信息系统为研究对象，建立了其中的模糊相容关系及模糊粗糙上、下近似集。在此基础上，探讨了论域上的模糊覆盖问题并提出了覆盖的3种运算形式；定义了2种新的模糊粗糙熵以讨论不完备模糊信息系统中的不确定性因素，证明了不确定因素的变化与度量强度之间的重要关系；建立了一种度量部分模糊知识依赖的新方法，获得了一些新的定理结果证明。

关键词：不完备模糊信息系统模糊相容关系模糊粗糙集模糊覆盖模糊粗糙熵模糊知识依赖

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Sinks of steel in China–addition to in-use stock, export and loss

Hua GUO,Tianzhu ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 141-149 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0696-3

摘要： China has become the largest producer of crude steel in the world since 1996, which places the country under huge pressure in terms of resources, energy, and the environment. Examining the driver of steel demand is of great significance to the structural adjustment and sustainable development of the steel industry. The researchers calculate the steel demand in China from 2000 to 2009 based on three sinks (steel stock, export, and loss) by taking the four stages of steel life cycle (production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management and recycling) as the study object. The researchers conclude that addition to in-use stock is the main driver of steel demand and that the 10-year average addition to in-use stock accounted for 77% of the steel sinks, in which 55% of the addition occurs in the building sector, and the steel for this segment is of low strength with large consumption. Based on the analysis of existing policies, the researchers propose that the steel demand structure will develop toward diversification and that the building sector will realize the upgrade of products as soon as possible to improve construction quality. Under the pressure of rising cost for imported resources, the export ratio of steel products should be controlled appropriately. Thus, recycling economy should be developed to reduce steel losses.

关键词： steel demand driver Material Flow Analysis (MFA) Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) addition to in-use stock steel policy

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基于主客观紧急度判断的车辆行驶模糊控制

陈雪梅,高　利

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第1期页码 53-57

摘要：

紧急情况下驾驶员能否做出准确、及时的判断和操作，对于防止交通事故具有重要的现实意义。为保证车辆行驶安全，有必要对车辆行驶中紧急度做出判断，并给出相应的控制算法。首先提出基于相对距离、车速和驾驶员基本特征的车辆行驶中紧急度，同时给出基于模糊推理的车辆行驶控制算法，并对其进行了仿真运算。仿真结果表明：情况越紧急，驾驶员会越快地采用最大制动减速度；驾驶员基本特征对制动操作的影响明显。总之，通过模糊推理控制后车的制动减速度，能实现后车的行车安全。

关键词：驾驶行为；紧急；模糊推理；安全

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基于人体髋关节转动中心分析的髋关节外骨骼仿生设计 Article

Wei YANG,Can-jun YANG,Ting XU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第8期页码 792-802 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500286

摘要：为了改善外骨骼穿戴舒适性，本文提出了一种基于人机物理交互优化的外骨骼设计方法。该方法通过设计外骨骼髋关节，使其保证人体髋关节运动时外骨骼髋关节转动中心能跟随人体髋关节转动中心的运动轨迹。当人体髋关节运动时，通过实验测量和计算可以得到其转动中心轨迹。本文设计的外骨骼髋关节运动机构能在人体髋关节屈曲/伸展和外展/内收时，保证转动中心都能够包容人体髋关节转动中心运动范围。同时，所设计的外骨骼髋关节被应用到下肢步行康复训练外骨骼中。通过人机接触力实验可知，与传统设计外骨骼髋关节进行相比，本文设计的仿生髋关节外骨骼在髋关节屈曲/伸展和内收/外展时分别可以减小24.1%和76.0%的人机接触力。这一结果证明仿生设计髋关节外骨骼更具穿戴舒适性，更符合人机工程学的设计要求。最后，本文通过建立人机闭式链模型进一步分析了仿生设计对于人体髋关节内力的影响，并验证该设计能减少关节内力作用。

关键词：髋关节外骨骼；髋关节中心；柔顺关节；人机交互力

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富氧燃烧技术兼容性设计理念的基础研究与技术挑战 Article

郑楚光, 柳朝晖, 向军, 张立麒, 张世红, 罗聪, 赵永椿

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第1期页码 139-149 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015008

摘要：

富氧燃烧技术是一项颇具潜力的燃煤电站大规模CO₂减排的CO₂捕集与存储（CCS）新技术。以华中科技大学等为代表的中国若干高校和企业已经在该技术从0.4 MW_th到35 MW_th规模的试验平台上取得了较大进展，200 MW_th商业化示范工程的可行性研究也已顺利完成。中国富氧燃烧技术的研发示范进展已经被纳入全球富氧燃烧技术路线图的重要进程。空气燃烧/富氧燃烧的兼容性设计是示范路线图的重要部分，针对富氧燃烧技术的一些挑战，本文简明阐述了该技术的基础研究与技术创新，包含稳燃、传热、系统运行、矿物演变、腐蚀特性等研究；为了进一步降低碳捕集的成本以及部署大规模应用，本文也简述了下一代新型富氧燃烧技术，包括新型制氧技术和无焰富氧燃烧技术。

关键词：富氧燃烧研发与示范 CO₂捕集